Unity 6.3 — Cinemachine¶

最后验证： 2026-02-13 状态： 生产就绪包： com.unity.cinemachine v3.0+（Package Manager）

概述¶

Cinemachine 是 Unity 的虚拟摄像机系统，无需手动编写脚本即可实现专业、动态的摄像机行为。它是 Unity 摄像机工作的行业标准。

将 Cinemachine 用于：

第三人称跟随摄像机
过场动画与电影序列
摄像机混合与转场
动态摄像机取景
屏幕震动与摄像机特效

⚠️ Knowledge Gap： Cinemachine 3.0（Unity 6）是从 2.x 开始的一次重大重写。许多 API 名称和组件都发生了变化。

安装¶

通过 Package Manager 安装¶

Window > Package Manager
Unity Registry > 搜索 “Cinemachine”
安装 Cinemachine（版本 3.0+）

核心概念¶

1. 虚拟摄像机¶

定义摄像机行为（位置、旋转、镜头）
可存在多个虚拟摄像机；但同一时间只有一个处于“活动”状态

2. Cinemachine Brain¶

位于主摄像机上的组件
在虚拟摄像机之间进行混合
将虚拟摄像机设置应用到 Unity Camera

3. 优先级¶

虚拟摄像机具有优先级数值
优先级最高的摄像机处于活动状态
当优先级变化时平滑混合

基本设置¶

1. 将 Cinemachine Brain 添加到主摄像机¶

// Automatically added when creating first virtual camera
// Or manually: Add Component > Cinemachine Brain

2. 创建虚拟摄像机¶

GameObject > Cinemachine > Cinemachine Camera

这会创建一个具有默认设置的 CinemachineCamera GameObject。

虚拟摄像机组件¶

CinemachineCamera（Unity 6 / Cinemachine 3.0+）¶

using Unity.Cinemachine;

public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour {
    public CinemachineCamera virtualCamera;

    void Start() {
        // Set priority (higher = active)
        virtualCamera.Priority = 10;

        // Set follow target
        virtualCamera.Follow = playerTransform;

        // Set look-at target
        virtualCamera.LookAt = playerTransform;
    }
}

跟随模式（Body 组件）¶

第三人称跟随（轨道跟随）¶

// In Inspector:
// CinemachineCamera > Body > 3rd Person Follow

// Configure:
// - Shoulder Offset: (0.5, 0, 0) for over-shoulder
// - Camera Distance: 5.0
// - Vertical Damping: 0.5 (smooth up/down)

Framing Transposer（平滑跟随）¶

// CinemachineCamera > Body > Position Composer

// Configure:
// - Screen Position: Center (0.5, 0.5)
// - Dead Zone: Don't move camera if target within zone
// - Damping: Smooth following

硬锁定（精确跟随）¶

// CinemachineCamera > Body > Hard Lock to Target
// Camera exactly matches target position (no offset or damping)

瞄准模式（Aim 组件）¶

Composer（构图目标）¶

// CinemachineCamera > Aim > Composer

// Configure:
// - Tracked Object Offset: Aim at target's head instead of feet
// - Screen Position: Where target appears on screen
// - Dead Zone: Don't rotate if target within zone

注视目标¶

// CinemachineCamera > Aim > Rotate With Follow Target
// Camera rotation matches target rotation (e.g., first-person)

摄像机之间的混合¶

基于优先级的混合¶

public CinemachineCamera normalCamera; // Priority: 10
public CinemachineCamera aimCamera;    // Priority: 5

void StartAiming() {
    // Set aim camera to higher priority
    aimCamera.Priority = 15; // Now active
    // Brain automatically blends from normalCamera to aimCamera
}

void StopAiming() {
    aimCamera.Priority = 5; // Back to normal
}

自定义混合时间¶

// Create Custom Blends Asset:
// Assets > Create > Cinemachine > Cinemachine Blender Settings

// In Cinemachine Brain:
// - Custom Blends = your asset
// - Configure blend times per camera pair

摄像机震动¶

脉冲源（触发震动）¶

using Unity.Cinemachine;

public class ExplosionShake : MonoBehaviour {
    public CinemachineImpulseSource impulseSource;

    void Explode() {
        // Trigger camera shake
        impulseSource.GenerateImpulse();
    }
}

脉冲监听器（接收震动）¶

// Add to CinemachineCamera:
// Add Component > CinemachineImpulseListener

// Impulse listener automatically receives shake from nearby Impulse Sources

自由视角摄像机（第三人称鼠标视角）¶

Cinemachine Free Look¶

// GameObject > Cinemachine > Cinemachine Free Look

// Creates 3 rigs (Top, Middle, Bottom) that blend based on vertical input
// Configure:
// - Orbit Radius: Distance from target
// - Height Offset: Camera height at each rig
// - X/Y Axis: Mouse or joystick input

状态驱动相机（基于 Animator）¶

Cinemachine 状态驱动相机¶

// GameObject > Cinemachine > Cinemachine State-Driven Camera

// Configure:
// - Animated Target: Character with Animator
// - Layer: Animator layer to track
// - State: Assign camera per animation state (Idle, Run, Jump, etc.)

// Camera automatically switches based on animation state

Dolly 轨道（过场动画）¶

Cinemachine Dolly Track¶

// 1. Create Spline: GameObject > Cinemachine > Cinemachine Spline

// 2. Create Dolly Camera:
//    GameObject > Cinemachine > Cinemachine Camera
//    Body > Spline Dolly
//    Assign Spline

// 3. Animate dolly position on spline (Timeline or script)

Common Patterns¶

第三人称跟随相机¶

// CinemachineCamera
// - Follow: Player Transform
// - Body: 3rd Person Follow (shoulder offset, distance: 5)
// - Aim: Composer (frame player at center)

瞄准相机（放大）¶

// Normal Camera (Priority 10):
//   - Distance: 5.0

// Aim Camera (Priority 5):
//   - Distance: 2.0
//   - FOV: Narrower

// Script:
void StartAiming() {
    aimCamera.Priority = 15; // Blend to aim camera
}

过场动画相机序列¶

// Use Timeline:
// 1. Create Timeline (Assets > Create > Timeline)
// 2. Add Cinemachine Track
// 3. Add virtual cameras as clips
// 4. Timeline automatically blends between cameras

从 Cinemachine 2.x 迁移（Unity 2021）¶

API 变更（Unity 6 / Cinemachine 3.0）¶

// ❌ OLD (Cinemachine 2.x):
CinemachineVirtualCamera vcam;
vcam.m_Follow = target;

// ✅ NEW (Cinemachine 3.0+):
CinemachineCamera vcam;
vcam.Follow = target; // Cleaner API

主要变更：

CinemachineVirtualCamera → CinemachineCamera
m_Follow, m_LookAt → Follow, LookAt（不再使用 "m_" 前缀）
组件已重命名，以提高清晰度
性能更佳

Performance Tips¶

限制活动虚拟相机的数量（仅在需要时启用）
使用低优先级相机，而不是销毁/创建相机
当远离玩家时，禁用虚拟相机

调试¶

Cinemachine 调试¶

// Window > Analysis > Cinemachine Debugger
// Shows active camera, blend info, shot quality

来源¶

https://docs.unity3d.com/Packages/com.unity.cinemachine@3.0/manual/index.html
https://learn.unity.com/tutorial/cinemachine

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